Armchair

In the years following the Napoleonic Wars, Austria played a crucial role in maintaining Europe’s political stability. Its conservative government suppressed political activism among the middle classes, encouraging them to focus instead on domestic comfort and family life. In response Vienna’s furniture makers adapted the grand Neoclassicism of earlier decades into a simpler, more modest style suited to middle-class use. Named after the fictional character Gottlieb Biedermeier—Bieder is German for “plain”—the style promoted simple shapes, unadorned surfaces, and practical elegance, making it accessible to nonaristocratic households and symbolic of the era’s emphasis on modesty and domestic tranquility.